Over the past few years, more than 200 star neutrons have been found that revolve very quickly. Recently two new neutron stars have been discovered. One (J1552) rotates like a "spinner" 412 times a second, while the second one (J0952) is even faster, 707 times a second or more than 42,000 times per minute, making it the fastest pulsar of our galaxy and the second faster than ever found in the universe (the record holds a pulsar that rotates 716 times per second). Their very fast rotation produces a powerful magnetic field, out of which poles are exiting, radio waves, γ-rays, and X-rays. But there is a paradox in the spin of the neutron star. The rotation axis of the neutron star and its magnetic axis do not coincide. At this point, I want to propose a new model for the axis of rotation of the neutron star. For this purpose, I will compare the neutron star as a spinning spindle at high speed. The main axis of rotation is the Magnetic axis of the Star and indeed of high speed. We could say that this axis coincides with the rotation axis of the spinner. But like any spinning rotor, a new axis of rotation, the axis of precession , is created. The axis of precession has a lower rotational speed than the main axis of rotation. It also owes its existence to the application of torque on the main axis of rotation. Thus, in a neutron star, the main axis of rotation is the Magnetic axis, while the secondary axis of rotation is the axis of the precession . So when we measure the frequency of flashes in a pulsar, we actually measure the rotation frequency of its axis of precession. Imagine, therefore, how faster it will be, the spin speed of the neutron star around its magnetic axis. I think something similar happens inside the Earth. The inner core of the Earth is a rapidly rotating neutron star in the shape of an ellipsoid. Along the large axis of rotation, a powerful magnetic field is created from which radio waves, gamma rays and X-rays and visible light can emerge. The axis of rotation of the inner core of the Earth is in a precession around the geographic axis of rotation of the Earth. This means that the magnetic axis of the Earth is in a precession around its geographic axis. To understand this, we must make the following assumption. We have to consider that the inner core is an independent solid ellipsoid body, consisting of neutrons oriented with its magnetic dipoles, which can rotate around itself at high speed, but without friction with the outer core, the mantle and the lithosphere. This is due to the perfectly smooth surface of the inner core which creates a non-friction or zero-friction fluid state. Johan Hansson and Anna Ponga at Lulea University of Technology in Sweden argue that the neutron stars' nuclei owe their magnetic field to the alignment of the elementary magnetic dipole of the neutrons and not to some fluid that rotates, resulting in stable neutromagnets. See the article: Pulsars: Cosmic Permanent “Neutromagnets” www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2011/378493/ The outer core, the mantle and the lithosphere can be considered as a second unified body that moves independently of the inner core of the Earth. Of the three previous layers only the lithosphere can exhibit iron magnetic properties. Thus, the magnetic axis of the inner core of the earth is in conjunction with the lithosphere, and conveys it to the rotary motion around the axis of precession, which is identical to its geographic axis. In recent years, we have seen an approximation of the Earth's magnetic axis and its geographic axis from about 12 degrees(in 1994) to 6 degrees ( in 2007). There is a possibility, in a few years that the two axes identify, because the magnetic axis which makes a presessient movement around the geographic axis zeroes the angle between the two axes. Then we will remove the magnetic axis from the geographic axis by opening the angle between them and possibly also after several hundreds of thousands of years we will have the reversal of the magnetic poles. One would expect, on magnetic poles of the Earth, to show bundles of radio waves as well as gamma beams and X-rays as well as a strong magnetic field. Apparently the mantle and the lithosphere act as insulating layers so that only a weak magnetic field appears on the surface of the Earth. But here is a question. What is the cause or otherwise the force that generates the torque so that the magnetic axis of the Earth moves with a precession. The gravitational forces that come from the attraction of the Sun and other planets must be excluded because they all pass through the centers of the masses, that is, from the center of the Earth, and do not cause any kind of torque. The magnetic fields of Earth and the Sun could interact with each other to create moments, but I think they are weak enough to cause a precession of the Earth's magnetic axis. Therefore, it seems more likely that the Earth's Magnetic Axis has been in precession after a collision with an asteroid which has given the necessary momentum to begin this precessient movement. Clearly seen in the following video, that the application of a momentary torque on a rotating gyroscope produces a precession to the axis of rotation, around the original equilibrium position. In this experiment the torque application is small and the precession angle is small. It is obvious that if we apply a greater force that will exert a higher torque, then we will have a larger transition angle and finally a reversal of the rotation axis poles (Proposed experiment to the crew of the Space Station). All of this is a new theoretical approach of the author to unresolved problems of geophysics, aiming at the emergence of a new concept in scientific research.
George Georgitzikis Professor of Geology Mytilini Lesvos Greece.
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January 2018
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