The Sun is a star that hides its secrets very well within it. Today we believe it is a gaseous star whose largest part consists of hydrogen gas and helium. Its average density is less than that of the Earth. On the surface of the Sun there is a periodic phenomenon, that of the sunspots, which is repeated every 11 years and connects with the inversion of the magnetic poles. The total cycle of the phenomenon lasts for 22 years. So it is obvious that within the sun a periodic phenomenon creates this behavior and obviously it is a spinning phenomenon. As we can see in the figure above, the appearance of the sunspots is symmetrical with respect to the equator, which means that the sunspots are located opposite to a magnetic axis. So if a sunspot appears in the northern hemisphere, we have to wait for the incidence of the interdimensional sunspot in the southern hemisphere after 13 to 17 days, that is, half the time of a solar spin, and at equal latitudes from its equator. In my opinion in the center of the sun there is a spinning neutron star, which along its axis of rotation displays a strong magnetic field. The axis of rotation of the inner neutron star exhibits a precessient movement around the normal rotation axis of the sun. Sunspots are the points of intersection, the axis of rotation of the inner neutron star, and thus its magnetic axis, with the surface of the sun. So when the precession angle is small and very close to the sun's poles, the precession speed is shorter, and when the axis approaches the sun's equator, the velocity is greater. This results in a differential rotation on the surface of the sun. As we know, the period of rotation at the poles is longer (33.5 days) than at the equator (25.6 days). As the sun's magnetic axis rotates, its surface footprint, which is the sunspot, does not draw with it the plasma of the sun's surface, but crosses it just as a boat crosses the sea. Thus, along its path, continuous swirling and a disorder with smaller and larger groups of spots are observed. If we compare the two diagrams below between 1975-2010, we will notice that there is a very good match between the location of the magnetic poles (first diagram) and the position of the solar spots of the Sun. Also from the first diagram, it is evident the reversal of poles every 11 years and the completion of the cycle every 22 years. Another phenomenon that is observed is the inversion of the poles. And this phenomenon can be explained by the theory of precession of the magnetic axis. The magnetic axis as it increases the angle of precession is fully reversed at 11 years and then begins a new inverse cycle, returning to its original position after 22 years. This visualization shows the position of the sun’s magnetic fields from January 1997 to December 2013. The field lines swarm with activity: The magenta lines show where the sun’s overall field is negative and the green lines show where it is positive. A region with more electrons is negative, the region with less is labeled positive. Additional gray lines represent areas of local magnetic variation.(NASA). But here is a question. What is the cause or otherwise the force that generates the torque so that the magnetic axis of the Sun moves with a precession. The gravitational forces that come from the attraction of the Sun and other planets must be excluded because they all pass through the centers of the masses, that is, from the center of the Sun, and do not cause any kind of torque. The magnetic fields of the Sun and the planets could interact with each other to create moments, but I think they are weak enough to cause a precession of the Sun magnetic axis. Therefore, it seems more likely that the Sun Magnetic Axis has been in precession after a collision with an other space body, which has given the necessary momentum to begin this precessient movement. Clearly seen in the following video, that the application of a momentary torque on a rotating gyroscope produces a precession to the axis of rotation, around the original equilibrium position. In this experiment the torque application is small and the precession angle is small. It is obvious that if we apply a greater force that will exert a higher torque, then we will have a larger transition angle and finally a reversal of the rotation axis poles (Proposed experiment to the crew of the Space Station). In the following video we see how easily the spinning shaft of the spinner enters a precessient movement, deviating from its original position up to 90 degrees. It is also noteworthy that this change is recurrent as a harmonic oscillation. According to the principle of maintaining the angular momentum, the angular momentum vector does not change, so as the angle of the precession increases, the turns are reduced along the rotation axis of the spinner until they are reset to the 90 degree position of the precession. However, the spinner continues to rotate around the original axis of rotation while keeping the angular momentum vector constant. In a zero gravity environment, therefore, it is obvious that the axis of rotation of a rapidly rotating space body can exhibit a precessient movement in a wide range (0-180 degrees) and indeed with constant repetitive rhythm as a harmonic oscillation. Something similar can also happen with the Sun's magnetic axis, which is reversed every 11 years, performing a harmonic oscillation, but without changing the overall angular momentum of the Sun. But let's keep an eye on what happens in the following videos by inverting the spindle rotation shaft. (Tippe top) It is obvious that the vector of total body angular momentum remains constant and does not change after reversing the axis, according to the rule of the right hand, before and after the inversion. However, the direction of rotation has changed, observing the direction of the arrow. Experiment to simulate the inversion of the Sun's magnetic poles. If we attribute this phenomenon to the movement of the inner core of the Sun, we must accept that its magnetic field is not due to rotating charged particles, because in the direction of rotation change when the magnetic axis is on the Sun's equator, we would also change the polarity with the result that the same polarity always appears on the same side of the Sun. This makes me suggest the model of the elongated rod-shaped magnet that you create from the very dense structure of the neutrons that construct the core of the Sun, having a density similar to that of a neutron star. Although free neutrons have little bipolar magnetic moment, they can create strong magnetic fields under high density conditions. It is known that neutron stars with oblong shapes have been observed in recent years, but even the galactic centers give the impression of an elongated compact center, possibly a black hole. Accordingly, it is possible to reverse the magnetic poles of the Sun, without changing the total angular momentum of the system, by simply changing the direction of rotation of the inner elongated neutron magnet. INTERPRETATION OF THE EXPEREMENT. In an ellipsoid, the following formulas refer to its inertia moment. A special case of ellipsoid is called spheroid. There are two types of spheroids as shown in the figure below. In our case we will study the behavior of the oval spheroid, for which c > a. As a consequence of the above assumption, the z axis inertia moment will be less than the moment of inertia along the axes x, y. The total angular momentum of system L, remains constant despite the change of position of the elongated axis c of the egg at spaced apart intervals. (Gradually decreases due to friction and zeroing). Let's look at the case where we have clockwise rotation of the system in the direction of the c axis. (Picture 1) Angular momentum L is given by: L = Ic ωc (Picture 1) After a few seconds the axis c becomes horizontal and the rotation of the system is turned clockwise along the a-axis, while the rotation along the c-axis is reset. (Figure 2) This has the consequence that the angular velocity ωa round from the axis a, decreases relative to ωc because Ic < Ia and L = constant. So ωa <ωc (Figure 2) Throughout the experiment, the principle of maintaining the spin is effective because external forces outside the friction do not act, which eventually slows the sphere and reduces the angular momentum L until it is reset. But for small changes of time we can consider the L = constant . It is therefore a harmonic oscillation between two rotational states, one along the axis c, and one on the axis a, without loss of energy and maintaining the overall angular momentum L constant in the measure and direction. When the angular velocity along axis c becomes maximum ωc = max, the angular velocity along axis a is zero ωa = 0, and vice versa when the angular velocity along axis a becomes maximum ωa = max, then the angular velocity along the axis c is zero ωc = 0. The directions of the axes a and c alternate in succession and are reversed, while the vector of total angular momentum L remains constant. George Georgitzikis
Geologist.
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Over the past few years, more than 200 star neutrons have been found that revolve very quickly. Recently two new neutron stars have been discovered. One (J1552) rotates like a "spinner" 412 times a second, while the second one (J0952) is even faster, 707 times a second or more than 42,000 times per minute, making it the fastest pulsar of our galaxy and the second faster than ever found in the universe (the record holds a pulsar that rotates 716 times per second). Their very fast rotation produces a powerful magnetic field, out of which poles are exiting, radio waves, γ-rays, and X-rays. But there is a paradox in the spin of the neutron star. The rotation axis of the neutron star and its magnetic axis do not coincide. At this point, I want to propose a new model for the axis of rotation of the neutron star. For this purpose, I will compare the neutron star as a spinning spindle at high speed. The main axis of rotation is the Magnetic axis of the Star and indeed of high speed. We could say that this axis coincides with the rotation axis of the spinner. But like any spinning rotor, a new axis of rotation, the axis of precession , is created. The axis of precession has a lower rotational speed than the main axis of rotation. It also owes its existence to the application of torque on the main axis of rotation. Thus, in a neutron star, the main axis of rotation is the Magnetic axis, while the secondary axis of rotation is the axis of the precession . So when we measure the frequency of flashes in a pulsar, we actually measure the rotation frequency of its axis of precession. Imagine, therefore, how faster it will be, the spin speed of the neutron star around its magnetic axis. I think something similar happens inside the Earth. The inner core of the Earth is a rapidly rotating neutron star in the shape of an ellipsoid. Along the large axis of rotation, a powerful magnetic field is created from which radio waves, gamma rays and X-rays and visible light can emerge. The axis of rotation of the inner core of the Earth is in a precession around the geographic axis of rotation of the Earth. This means that the magnetic axis of the Earth is in a precession around its geographic axis. To understand this, we must make the following assumption. We have to consider that the inner core is an independent solid ellipsoid body, consisting of neutrons oriented with its magnetic dipoles, which can rotate around itself at high speed, but without friction with the outer core, the mantle and the lithosphere. This is due to the perfectly smooth surface of the inner core which creates a non-friction or zero-friction fluid state. Johan Hansson and Anna Ponga at Lulea University of Technology in Sweden argue that the neutron stars' nuclei owe their magnetic field to the alignment of the elementary magnetic dipole of the neutrons and not to some fluid that rotates, resulting in stable neutromagnets. See the article: Pulsars: Cosmic Permanent “Neutromagnets” www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2011/378493/ The outer core, the mantle and the lithosphere can be considered as a second unified body that moves independently of the inner core of the Earth. Of the three previous layers only the lithosphere can exhibit iron magnetic properties. Thus, the magnetic axis of the inner core of the earth is in conjunction with the lithosphere, and conveys it to the rotary motion around the axis of precession, which is identical to its geographic axis. In recent years, we have seen an approximation of the Earth's magnetic axis and its geographic axis from about 12 degrees(in 1994) to 6 degrees ( in 2007). There is a possibility, in a few years that the two axes identify, because the magnetic axis which makes a presessient movement around the geographic axis zeroes the angle between the two axes. Then we will remove the magnetic axis from the geographic axis by opening the angle between them and possibly also after several hundreds of thousands of years we will have the reversal of the magnetic poles. One would expect, on magnetic poles of the Earth, to show bundles of radio waves as well as gamma beams and X-rays as well as a strong magnetic field. Apparently the mantle and the lithosphere act as insulating layers so that only a weak magnetic field appears on the surface of the Earth. But here is a question. What is the cause or otherwise the force that generates the torque so that the magnetic axis of the Earth moves with a precession. The gravitational forces that come from the attraction of the Sun and other planets must be excluded because they all pass through the centers of the masses, that is, from the center of the Earth, and do not cause any kind of torque. The magnetic fields of Earth and the Sun could interact with each other to create moments, but I think they are weak enough to cause a precession of the Earth's magnetic axis. Therefore, it seems more likely that the Earth's Magnetic Axis has been in precession after a collision with an asteroid which has given the necessary momentum to begin this precessient movement. Clearly seen in the following video, that the application of a momentary torque on a rotating gyroscope produces a precession to the axis of rotation, around the original equilibrium position. In this experiment the torque application is small and the precession angle is small. It is obvious that if we apply a greater force that will exert a higher torque, then we will have a larger transition angle and finally a reversal of the rotation axis poles (Proposed experiment to the crew of the Space Station). All of this is a new theoretical approach of the author to unresolved problems of geophysics, aiming at the emergence of a new concept in scientific research.
George Georgitzikis Professor of Geology Mytilini Lesvos Greece. Visit my new site and explore the metallic bond: metallicbond.weebly.com/
or click on the button below: I wondered many times what is the reason for the explosion of a red giant. I could not find a convincing answer. My view is that the stars on the stage of red giant, not explode by themselves, but the explosions that we see in space or else "supernova" is nothing more than random cosmic collisions between stars or planets, resulting in the creation of a neutron star at the center, or else "protostar" and the development of a cloud of gas and debris in the region, or "neboula". Then due to the gravitational action many of the large fragments create the planets and satellites put into orbit around the central star due purely coincidence, while those fragments not succeed, end up being absorbed by the central neutron star increasing its mass. In a similar manner they were created, and the asteroid belts in the solar system.
THE PARADOX OF DARK MATTER.
It has long been observed for years that many regional stars of our galaxy have velocities orbit around its center, much larger than the escape velocity and nevertheless remain in orbit. This led to the conclusion that there is somewhere invisible matter, at least ten times from the known, which causes an increase of gravity needed to keep the stars in their orbit. The so material looking exists and is located in the nuclei of all celestial bodies (stars, planets, and satellites), but also in the centers of galaxies, to form solid material similar to that of neutron stars, with densities reaching ρ = 10^15 gr / cm^3. Dark matter therefore we are looking for, is 1,465 * 10^12 times greater than the current matter of the universe, as calculated in the previous article on the earth, something of course that applies to all celestial bodies, galaxies and the universe. So if the centers of galaxies have the density neutron star and perhaps the black hole density in the nuclei of their centers, it is possible to maintain the speed and position of regional stars. George Georgitzikis August 1, 2016 CALCULATION OF SOLAR MASS, CONSIDERING THE EXISTENCE OF A NEUTRON STAR IN THE CENTER.For this calculation we will use the new constant universal gravitation GN, as calculated in the previous article.
The centrifugal force of the Earth due to the behavior around the Sun, is equal and opposite to the Sun-Earth tractive force. Where: In a neutron star with mass Mns = 1,4MS (MS = Solar mass) and radius Rns = 10 Km, the acceleration of gravity at the surface, of which comply with existing theory, is:
DETERMINATION OF THE CONSTANT GLOBAL TRACTION G, ASSUMING THE EXISTENCE OF A NEUTRON STAR IN THE INNER CORE OF THE EARTH This study is a theoretical approach to calculate the global constant of gravity G, which is based in two assumptions: 1. Earth inner core consists of some material similar to a neutron star. 2. The volume of the Earth is not constant but increases continuously causing its dilation . Nowadays , the prevailing opinion is that the core of the Earth consists of iron and nickel.In addition it is divided in the outer core which behaves like a liquid,( not allowing the passage of the transverse seismic waves S, but only the longitudinal wave P which in this case is of type K)and the inner core which behaves like a solid due to high pressure and allow the passage of both types of seismic waves P (I) and S (J). Also regarding to the theory of the movement of the plates there is a perception that the lithospheric plates converge, diverge, or move together.However, there is no expansion of the Earth volume. There are hot magma flows from the core to the Earth's surface.
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January 2018
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