DETERMINATION OF THE CONSTANT GLOBAL TRACTION G, ASSUMING THE EXISTENCE OF A NEUTRON STAR IN THE INNER CORE OF THE EARTH This study is a theoretical approach to calculate the global constant of gravity G, which is based in two assumptions: 1. Earth inner core consists of some material similar to a neutron star. 2. The volume of the Earth is not constant but increases continuously causing its dilation . Nowadays , the prevailing opinion is that the core of the Earth consists of iron and nickel.In addition it is divided in the outer core which behaves like a liquid,( not allowing the passage of the transverse seismic waves S, but only the longitudinal wave P which in this case is of type K)and the inner core which behaves like a solid due to high pressure and allow the passage of both types of seismic waves P (I) and S (J). Also regarding to the theory of the movement of the plates there is a perception that the lithospheric plates converge, diverge, or move together.However, there is no expansion of the Earth volume. There are hot magma flows from the core to the Earth's surface. In my opinion, both occur simultaneously.To clarify this further, both the volume of the Earth expands causing the lithospheric plates to move apart and magma convection currents coexist that lead to the convergence or parallel shift of the lithospheric plates. Let's take things from the beginning. I believe that 4.6 billion years ago, after a large cosmic collision of two celestial bodies (e.g. two star), the solar system created , consisting of the central star, the Sun, and the nine smaller regional planets. For all these heavenly bodies, shortly after their creation, composed of neutrons, a product of the enormous amount of kinetic energy, trapped within the mass in the moment of collision. Were that neutron stars. But how did this happen? We all know the famous relation of Einstein energy and mass equivalence E = mc^2 According to this, when the mass is cleaved gives energy and thus will force the opposite, i.e. binding energy by mass may lead to an increase in mass. So what I think is happening at the time of a cosmic collision. The enormous amount of energy that offer at the time of collision, compels all the electrons of atoms, to join with the nuclei protons to form neutrons , so that the entire matter be eventually turned into neutrons. This leads to an enormous increase in the material density of the order of ρ = 10^15 gr / cm^3, a density corresponding to a neutron star. The reaction expressed by the above phenomenon are: Composition neutron: Where E = binding energy. It is certainly known that the neutron mass is greater than the sum of the mass of the proton and the electron. So the bound energy E was converted to mass. Accordingly, shortly after the cosmic conflict, the Earth was a neutron star the size that is about the inner core of today, that is the radius of the Earth at that time was little more than 1278 Km. The outer layers of the star (the Earth), but also all the other planets and the Sun turned from super solid phase neutrons (fourth state of matter) in a gaseous hydrogen atoms with simultaneous release of huge quantities of heat , light and radiation. Reactions were expressing the above phenomenon are: Spontaneous neutron decay: wherein: E = releasable dissociation energy equal to the binding energy of the equation (1). atomic hydrogen composition (protium): It probably created deuterium and tritium in the reactions: And then fusion of tritium into helium in the model of beta (-) decay ( β- ). This phenomenon continues to happen even today in the Sun's surface, due to the large mass and slow cooling, but the planets must occur only in the nuclei due to the much less their mass and faster cooling suffered. With successive fusions of an atomic element to the next (e.g. He → Li, Li → Be, Be → B .........) formed all elements of the periodic table, but their ratio of larger atomic weight, sink down from the outer skin of the hydrogen in the sun and remain unseen. On Earth with further cooling of the respective outer layer, created the outer core of metal and non-metal elements and thus began the chemical reaction between metals and non-metals, creating radicals and finally the formation of chemical compounds (e.g. silicates). Due to the lower density of more compounds of the pure metal, they floated and formed the earth mandle. Continued cooling of the mantle surface created the first rocky lithosphere plate 3.8 billion years before.That is the same age the Earth's oldest rocks had been created . To calculate the Earth's surface at that time it is enough to sum the current total area of the continents , the height of the continental shelf boundary and the continental slope ( since the first rupture of the lithosphere started there due to the Earth expansion). Approximately I will use the current total surface of land that equals Ex = 148.940.000 Km^2. The radius of Earth at this time can be calculated approximately: That is approaching the current radius of the Earth's outer core (3488 Km). 3.8 billion years before started the removal of the continents and the continuous expansion of the outer core and mantle .Meanwhile, the volume of the inner core was reduced and continually created new chemical elements of atoms over the super solid phase of the inner core (neutron star) in the liquid phase of the outer core. So assuming that the inner core consists solely of neutrons there will be a density of about 10^14 up to 10^15 gr / cm^3, that is the density of the neutron stars. The volume of the inner core is calculated by: Thus the mass of the inner core is calculated by: If we compare the present mass of the Earth MER = 5,963 ∙ 10^24 Kg to the mass of the inner core MI.C= 8,738 ∙ 10^36 Kg that we have just calculated , we will see that it is 1,465 ∙ 10^12 times bigger than the mass of the Earth,( 1.465 trillion times bigger). CALCULATION OF NEW GN So if we have a body of mass m that receives attraction from the Earth in the polar region, it is given by the following two relationships: Where MER is the mass of the earth that now is approximately equal to the mass of the inner core: M I.C = 8,738 ∙ 10^36 Kg. RP = 6356,8 km is the polar radius of the Earth. gP = 9,832m / sec^2 is the polar acceleration of the gravity . Let us now calculate the new constant of universal gravitation: The new constant of universal gravitation GN is therefore much smaller than the existing current value. With so little value the experimental determination of experiments like that of Cavendish is impossible. CALCULATION OF CHANGES IN VOLUME OF THE EARTH FROM THE DATE CREATION. In newer posts will compare the values of these parameters with those of the Sun and the Moon. EXPANSION OF EARTH RADIUS PER YEAR. Earth volume change per year is If we consider, as average radius of the Earth, the price R = 6371 Km Then the volume is If we add to that volume, the annual volume change, due to the decay of neutrons will then have V1 = 1083206917079.333 Km^3 The new volume corresponds to a radius R1 Therefore the expansion of the radius per year is Such expansion will cause a change in the Earth perimeter This variation is very small compared to the movements of tectonic plates, which can range from 4 to 9 cm per year, and therefore hardly observable. George Georgitzikis
Geologist June 9th 2016
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorGeorge Georgitzikis Archives
January 2018
Categories
|